Polymerization catalyst system utilizing external donor systems and processes of forming polymers therewith

ABSTRACT

External donor systems, catalyst systems and olefin polymerization processes are described herein. The external donor systems generally include a first external donor represented by the general formula SiR 2   m (OR 3 ) 4-m , wherein each R 2  is independently selected from alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls and vinyls, each R 3  is independently selected from alkyls and m is from 0 to 4. The external donor systems further include a second external donor represented by the general formula SiR 4   m (OR 5 ) 4-m , wherein each R 4  is independently selected from alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls and vinyls, each R 5  is independently selected from alkyls, m is from 0 to 4 and at least one R 4  is a C 3  or greater alkyl.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/700,273, filed Jan. 31, 2007, which claims the benefit of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/243,390, filed Oct. 4, 2005, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Pat. No. 7,109,143, filed Sep. 10, 2003, which claimsthe benefit of U.S. Pat. No. 6,657,024, filed Sep. 3, 2002.

FIELD

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to processes forforming polyolefins and the catalyst systems utilized therefore. Inparticular, embodiments of the present invention relate to externaldonor systems utilized in the catalyst systems.

BACKGROUND

As reflected in the patent literature, efforts have been made to modifythe molecular weight distribution and/or the microtacticity ofpolyolefins, such as polypropylene, to increase the processabilitythereof. Prior attempts have included utilizing high cost catalystdonors. Unfortunately, such donors have generally resulted in lowercatalyst activities, thereby further increasing the process costs.

Therefore, a need exists to increase the processability of polyolefinswhile minimizing the process costs thereof.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention include external donor systems forcatalyst systems for olefin polymerization. The external donor systemsgenerally include a first external donor represented by the generalformula SiR² _(m)(OR³)_(4-m), wherein each R² is independently selectedfrom alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls and vinyls, each R³ is independentlyselected from alkyls and m is from 0 to 4. The external donor systemsfurther include a second external donor represented by the generalformula SiR⁴ _(m)(OR⁵)_(4-m), wherein each R⁴ is independently selectedfrom alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls and vinyls, each R⁵ is independentlyselected from alkyls, in is from 0 to 4 and at least one R⁴ is a C₃ orgreater alkyl.

In one specific embodiment, at least one R² is a cycloalkyl.

Embodiments further include catalyst systems and polymerizationprocesses. The catalyst systems generally include a Ziegler-Nattacatalyst component represented by the general formula MR¹ _(x) wherein Mis a transition metal, R¹ is a halogen, an alkoxy, or a hydrocarboxylgroup and x is the valence of the transition metal. The catalyst systemsfurther include a co-catalyst component including an organoaluminumcompound and the external donor system. The polymerization processesgenerally include contacting the catalyst system with an olefin monomerto form a polyolefin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates the yield stress of various samples as a result ofstretching temperature.

FIG. 2 illustrates the gloss of various samples as a result oftemperature.

FIG. 3 illustrates that haze of various samples as a result oftemperature.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Introduction and Definitions

A detailed description will now be provided. Each of the appended claimsdefines a separate invention, which for infringement purposes isrecognized as including equivalents to the various elements orlimitations specified in the claims. Depending on the context, allreferences below to the “invention” may in some cases refer to certainspecific embodiments only. In other cases it will be recognized thatreferences to the “invention” will refer to subject matter recited inone or more, but not necessarily all, of the claims. Each of theinventions will now be described in greater detail below, includingspecific embodiments, versions and examples, but the inventions are notlimited to these embodiments, versions or examples, which are includedto enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use theinventions when the information in this patent is combined withavailable information and technology.

Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term usedin a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadestdefinition persons in the pertinent art have given that term asreflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time offiling. Further, unless otherwise specified, all compounds describedherein may be substituted or unsubstituted and the listing of compoundsincludes derivatives thereof.

Various ranges are further recited below. It should be recognized thatunless stated otherwise, it is intended that the endpoints are to beinterchangeable. Further, any point within that range is contemplated asbeing disclosed herein.

The term “activity” refers to the weight of product produced per weightof the catalyst used in a process at a standard set of conditions perunit time.

As used herein, the term “activator” is defined to be any compound orcombination of compounds, supported or unsupported, which may enhancethe activity and/or productivity of a catalyst compound. Further, theterm activator may be used interchangeably with the term cocatalystherein.

As used herein, the term “crystallinity” refers to a measurement on thecrystalline fraction of a polymer as measured by ¹³CNMR.

Catalyst Systems

Catalyst systems useful for polymerizing olefin monomers includecatalyst systems known to one skilled in the art, such as Ziegler-Nattacatalyst systems, for example. A brief discussion of such catalystsystems is included below, but is in no way intended to limit the scopeof the invention to such catalysts.

Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems are generally formed from the combinationof a metal component (e.g., a catalyst) with one or more additionalcomponents, such as a catalyst support, a cocatalyst and/or one or moreelectron donors, for example.

A specific example of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst includes a metalcomponent generally represented by the formula:

MR_(x);

wherein M is a transition metal, R is a halogen, an alkoxy, or ahydrocarboxyl group and x is the valence of the transition metal. Forexample, x may be from 1 to 4.

The transition metal may be selected from Groups IV through VIB (e.g.,titanium, chromium or vanadium), for example. R may be selected fromchlorine, bromine, carbonates, esters, or alkoxy groups in oneembodiment. Examples of catalyst components include TiCl₄, TiBr₄,Ti(OC₂H₅)₃Cl, Ti(OC₃H₇)₂Cl₂, Ti(OC₆H₁₃)₂Cl₂, Ti(OC₂H₅)₂Br₂ andTi(OC₁₂H₂₅)Cl₃, for example.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that a catalyst may be“activated” in some way before it is useful for promotingpolymerization. As discussed further below, activation may beaccomplished by contacting the catalyst with an activator. Theactivators may include any activators known to one skilled in the artincluding organoaluminum compounds, such as trimethyl aluminum (TMA),triethyl aluminum (TEAl) and triisobutyl aluminum (TiBAl), for example.

The Ziegler-Natta catalyst system may further include one or moreelectron donors, which may be used to reduce the atactic form of theresulting polymer, thus altering the amount of xylene solubles in thepolymer, for example. The internal electron donors may include amines,amides, esters, ketones, nitrites, ethers, thioethers, thioesters,aldehydes, alcoholates, salts, organic acids, phosphines, diethers,succinates, phthalates, malonates, maleic acid derivates,dialkoxybenzenes or combinations thereof, for example. (See, U.S. Pat.No. 5,945,366 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,399,837, which are incorporated byreference herein.)

Traditional external electron donors have included Lewis bases, such asorganosilicon compounds having the general formula SiR_(m)(OR′)_(4-m),wherein R is independently selected from alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls orvinyls, R′ is an alkyl, which may be the same or different and m is 0 to4. For example, the external electron donors may include monofunctionalor polyfunctional carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides, carboxylicesters, ketones, ethers, alcohols, lactones, organophosphorus compoundsand/or organosilicon compounds. For example, the external donor mayinclude diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPMS), cyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane(CMDS), diisopropyldimethoxysilane (DIDS) and/ordicyclopentyldimethoxysilane (CPDS), for example. The external donor maybe the same or different from the internal electron donor used.

While generally resulting in acceptable catalyst activity, traditionalexternal donors, such as CPDS, generally form high crystallinitypolymers (e.g., polypropylene having a meso pentad greater than about95%). While high crystallinity polymers may be desirable, such highcrystallinity may provide processability problems for certainapplications, such as biaxial oriented film production (BOPP).

Therefore, embodiments of the invention include utilizing a donorcapable of providing a polymer with decreased microtacticity (e.g., apolymer exhibiting a meso pentad of less than about 95%, or less thanabout 94% or less than about 93%). For example, the external donor mayinclude a donor having the general formula SiR_(m)(OR′)_(4-m), whereineach R is independently selected from alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls orvinyls, R′ is an alkyl, wherein each R′ may be the same or different andm is 0 to 4. In one specific embodiment, at least one R is a C₃ orgreater alkyl. In one specific embodiment, the external donor includesbutylmethyldimethoxysilane (BMDS).

Such efforts have resulted in desirable processability increases(evidenced by decreased microtacticity) while maintaining desirable meltflow and xylene solubles levels for certain applications. See, U.S. Pat.No. 6,657,024, which is incorporated by reference herein. However, BMDSis a costly external donor both in commodity cost and further insignificantly lower catalyst activity than the traditional donorsdiscussed herein.

Therefore, one or more embodiments of the invention include externalelectron donor systems utilizing the donor capable of providing apolymer with decreased microtacticity, as described above. The externalelectron donor systems include at least a first external donor and asecond external donor. While it is contemplated that additional externaldonors may be utilized in the external donor system, only the first andsecond external donors will be discussed in detail herein.

The catalyst system may include from about 0.5 parts per million (ppm)to about 500 ppm, or from about 2 ppm to about 200 ppm or from about 4ppm to about 50 ppm external donor system (based on the weight ofmonomer), for example.

In one embodiment, the catalyst system includes an Al:Si molar ratio(organoaluminum activator to silane donor) of from about 0.5 to about500, or from about 1 to about 200 or from about 2 to about 100, or fromabout 5 to 50 or from about 10 to 40, for example.

The first external donor may include any of the traditional externaldonors described above. For example, the first external donor mayinclude a traditional silane external donor. In one embodiment, thefirst external donor may include a donor having the general formulaSiR_(m)(OR′)_(4-m), wherein each R is independently selected fromalkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls or vinyls, R′ is an alkyl and each R′ may bethe same or different and m is 0 to 4. In one specific embodiment, atleast one R is a cycloalkyl. In one specific embodiment, the firstexternal donor includes CMDS, for example. It is understood that in amixture of external donor molecules, one of the compounds may play astronger role in stereoregulation of monomer insertion due to itsspecific complexation attributes with the catalyst active sites (e.g.,one of the external donors may perform in a dominant fashion withrespect to microtacticity control). Therefore, the selection of thefirst external donor may take the dominance of the donor within theexternal donor system into consideration. Such dominancy may affect theamount of second donor necessary to obtain adequate reduction in polymermicrotacticity for processability control (as may be evidenced bystretching).

The second external donor generally includes a donor capable ofproviding a polymer with decreased microtacticity (e.g., a polymerexhibiting a meso pentad of less than about 95%, or less than about 94%or less than about 93%). For example, the second external donor mayinclude a donor having the general formula SiR_(m)(OR′)_(4-m), whereineach R is independently selected from alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls orvinyls, R′ is an alkyl, wherein each R′ may be the same or different andm is 0 to 4. In one specific embodiment, at least one R is a C₃ orgreater alkyl. In one embodiment, the second external donor includesBMDS.

The external donor system may include from about 10 mol. % to about 90mol. %, or from about 20 mol. % to about 75 mol. %, or from about 25mol. % to about 70 mol. %, or from about 30 mol. % to about 65 mol. %,or from about 40 mol. % to about 80 mol. %, or from about 35 mol. % toabout 60 mol. %, or from about 40 mol. % to about 55 mol. % or fromabout 45 mol. % to about 50 mol. % second external donor, for example.

In one embodiment, the external donor system includes the first externaldonor in a molar ratio to the second external donor of about 75:25, orfrom about 50:50 or from about 25:75, for example. In one specificembodiment, the external donor system includes the first external donorand the second external donor in equal amounts (based on a molar basis).In one specific embodiment, the external donor system includes moresecond external donor than first external donor (on a molar basis).

It has been observed that by varying the ratio of second external donorto the first external donor, properties of the polymer and therein theresulting polymer article (such as microtacticity and as a result,stretchability) can be controlled

The components of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst system (e.g., catalyst,activator and/or electron donors) may or may not be associated with asupport, either in combination with each other or separate from oneanother. The Ziegler-Natta support materials may include a magnesiumcompound, such as magnesium dichloride, magnesium dibromide,dialkoxymagnesiums, alkoxymagnesium halids, magnesium oxyhalides,dialkylmangesiums, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and carboxylatesof magneisum or a silica compound, for example.

The Ziegler-Natta catalyst may be formed by any method known to oneskilled in the art. For example, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst may beformed by contacting a transition metal halide with a metal alkyl ormetal hydride. (See, U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,718, U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,718,U.S. Pat. No. 4,544,717, U.S. Pat. No. 4,767,735, and U.S. Pat. No.4,544,717, which are incorporated by reference herein.)

Polymerization Processes

As indicated elsewhere herein, catalyst systems are used to formpolyolefin compositions. Once the catalyst system is prepared, asdescribed above and/or as known to one skilled in the art, a variety ofprocesses may be carried out using that composition. The equipment,process conditions, reactants, additives and other materials used inpolymerization processes will vary in a given process, depending on thedesired composition and properties of the polymer being formed. Suchprocesses may include solution phase, gas phase, slurry phase, bulkphase, high pressure processes or combinations thereof, for example.(See, U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,678; U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,580; U.S. Pat. No.6,380,328; U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,072; U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,586; U.S. Pat.No. 6,340,730; U.S. Pat. No. 6,339,134; U.S. Pat. No. 6,300,436; U.S.Pat. No. 6,274,684; U.S. Pat. No. 6,271,323; U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,845;U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,868; U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,705; U.S. Pat. No.6,242,545; U.S. Pat. No. 6,211,105; U.S. Pat. No. 6,207,606; U.S. Pat.No. 6,180,735 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,147,173, which are incorporated byreference herein.)

In certain embodiments, the processes described above generally includepolymerizing one or more olefin monomers to form polymers. The olefinmonomers may include C₂ to C₃₀ olefin monomers, or C₂ to C₁₂ olefinmonomers (e.g., ethylene, propylene butene, pentene, methylpentene,hexene, octene and decene), for example. The monomers may includeethylenically unsaturated monomers, C₄ to C₁₈ diolefins, conjugated ornonconjugated dienes, polyenes, vinyl monomers and cyclic olefins, forexample. Non-limiting examples of other monomers may include norbornene,nobomadiene, isobutylene, isoprene, vinylbenzocyclobutane, sytrene,alkyl substituted styrene, ethylidene norbornene, dicyclopentadiene andcyclopentene, for example. The formed polymer may include homopolymers,copolymers or terpolymers, for example.

Examples of solution processes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,271,060,U.S. Pat. No. 5,001,205, U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,998 and U.S. Pat. No.5,589,555, which are incorporated by reference herein.

One example of a gas phase polymerization process includes a continuouscycle system, wherein a cycling gas stream (otherwise known as a recyclestream or fluidizing medium) is heated in a reactor by heat ofpolymerization. The heat is removed from the cycling gas stream inanother part of the cycle by a cooling system external to the reactor.The cycling gas stream containing one or more monomers may becontinuously cycled through a fluidized bed in the presence of acatalyst under reactive conditions. The cycling gas stream is generallywithdrawn from the fluidized bed and recycled back into the reactor.Simultaneously, polymer product may be withdrawn from the reactor andfresh monomer may be added to replace the polymerized monomer. Thereactor pressure in a gas phase process may vary from about 100 psig toabout 500 psig, or from about 200 psig to about 400 psig or from about250 psig to about 350 psig, for example. The reactor temperature in agas phase process may vary from about 30° C. to about 120° C., or fromabout 60° C. to about 115° C., or from about 70° C. to about 110° C. orfrom about 70° C. to about 95° C., for example. (See, for example, U.S.Pat. No. 4,543,399; U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,790; U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,670;U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,036; U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,749; U.S. Pat. No.5,405,922; U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,304; U.S. Pat. No. 5,456,471; U.S. Pat.No. 5,462,999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,661; U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,242; U.S.Pat. No. 5,665,818; U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,375 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,668,228,which are incorporated by reference herein.)

Slurry phase processes may include forming a suspension of solid,particulate polymer in a liquid polymerization medium, to which monomersand optionally hydrogen, along with catalyst, are added. The suspension(which may include diluents) may be intermittently or continuouslyremoved from the reactor where the volatile components can be separatedfrom the polymer and recycled, optionally after a distillation, to thereactor. The liquefied diluent employed in the polymerization medium mayinclude a C₃ to C₇ alkane (e.g., hexane or isobutane), for example. Themedium employed is generally liquid under the conditions ofpolymerization and relatively inert. A bulk phase process is similar tothat of a slurry process with the exception that the liquid medium isalso the reactant (e.g., monomer) in a bulk phase process. However, aprocess may be a bulk process, a slurry process or a bulk slurryprocess, for example.

In a specific embodiment, a slurry process or a bulk process may becarried out continuously in one or more loop reactors. The catalyst, asslurry or as a dry fire flowing powder, may be injected regularly to thereactor loop, which can itself be filled with circulating slurry ofgrowing polymer particles in a diluent, for example. Optionally,hydrogen may be added to the process, such as for molecular weightcontrol of the resultant polymer. The loop reactor may be maintained ata pressure of from about 27 bar to about 50 bar or from about 35 bar toabout 45 bar and a temperature of from about 38° C. to about 121° C.,for example. Reaction heat may be removed through the loop wall via anymethod known to one skilled in the art, such as via a double-jacketedpipe or heat exchanger, for example.

Alternatively, other types of polymerization processes may be used, suchas stirred reactors in series, parallel or combinations thereof, forexample. Upon removal from the reactor, the polymer may be passed to apolymer recovery system for further processing, such as addition ofadditives and/or extrusion, for example.

It has been observed that embodiments of the invention result in theability to control polymer microtacticity while experiencing unexpectedbenefits in catalyst activity. For example, in a specific embodiment,catalyst activities within about 30%, or 20%, or 15%, or 10% or 5% ofprocesses utilizing a single external donor are possible. In onespecific embodiment, the catalyst activities are greater than thoseutilizing a single external donor. For example, in a specific embodimentof propylene polymerization, the catalyst may exhibit an activity offrom about 25,000 g/g/hr to about 50,000 g/hr, or from about 30,000g/g/hr to about 45,000 g/g/hr or from about 35,000 g/g/hr to about40,000 g/g/hr, for example.

Polymer Product

The polymers (and blends thereof) formed via the processes describedherein may include, but are not limited to, linear low densitypolyethylene, elastomers, plastomers, high density polyethylenes, lowdensity polyethylenes, medium density polyethylenes, polypropylene andpolypropylene copolymers, for example.

Unless otherwise specified, the terms “propylene polymer” or“polypropylene” refers to propylene homopolymers or those polymerscomposed primarily of propylene and limited amounts of other comonomers,such as ethylene, wherein the comonomer make up less than about 2 wt. %(e.g., mini random copolymers), or less than about 0.5 wt. % or lessthan about 0.1 wt. % by weight of polymer.

As used herein, the term “stereospecific polymer” refers to a polymerhaving a defined arrangement of molecules in space, such as isotacticand syndiotactic polypropylene, for example. The term “tacticity” refersto the spatial arrangement of pendant groups in a polymer. For example,a polymer is “atactic” when its pendant groups are arranged in a randomfashion on both sides of a hypothetical plane through the main chain ofthe polymer. In contrast, a polymer is “isotactic” when all its pendantgroups are arranged on the same side of the chain and “syndiotactic”when its pendant groups alternate on opposite sides of the chain. Thetacticity of a polymer may be analyzed via NMR spectroscopy, wherein“mmmm” (meso pentad) designates isotactic units and “=Tr” (racemicpentad) designates syndiotactic units.

In one embodiment, the propylene polymer has a microtacticity(isotacticity) of from about 89% to about 95%, or from about 91% toabout 94% or from about 91% to about 93%, for example.

In one embodiment, the propylene polymer has a xylene solubles level ofless than about 6 wt. %, or from about 1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, or fromabout 3 wt. % to about 5 wt. % or from about 2 wt. % to about 5 wt. %,for example.

Product Application

The polymers and blends thereof are useful in applications known to oneskilled in the art, such as forming operations (e.g., film, sheet, pipeand fiber extrusion and co-extrusion as well as blow molding, injectionmolding and rotary molding). Films include blown or cast films formed byco-extrusion or by lamination useful as shrink film, cling film, stretchfilm, sealing films, oriented films, snack packaging, heavy duty bags,grocery sacks, baked and frozen food packaging, medical packaging,industrial liners, and membranes, for example, in food-contact andnon-food contact application. Fibers include melt spinning, solutionspinning and melt blown fiber operations for use in woven or non-wovenform to make filters, diaper fabrics, medical garments and geotextiles,for example. Extruded articles include medical tubing, wire and cablecoatings, geomembranes and pond liners, for example. Molded articlesinclude single and multi-layered constructions in the form of bottles,tanks, large hollow articles, rigid food containers and toys, forexample.

In one embodiment, the polymers are useful to form biaxially orientedpolypropylene (BOPP) films. As discussed previously, the polymers formedby the embodiments described herein generally result in polymers havinglower tacticities than polymers formed with traditional external donors.Therefore, it is expected that such polymers are capable of forming BOPPfilms that exhibit improved properties, such as stretchability (e.g.,require lower stretching forces). Increased stretchability generallyresults in films that may be heated faster to give similar propertiesand higher throughputs, such as at least about 300 to 500 m/min. TheBOPP films may include tenter frame, simultaneous orientation, tubularand double bubble processes, for example.

In one embodiment the BOPP films exhibited improved gloss and haze.

In another embodiment, the polymers are useful to form injection moldedarticles. In one embodiment, the polymers are useful to form opaquearticles. In one embodiment, the polymers are useful in filmthermoforming. In one embodiment, the polymers are useful in stretchblow molding and sheet extrusion.

EXAMPLES

Samples of polypropylene were produced at varying external donor andAl:Si levels and analyzed.

As used herein, “BMDS” refers to n-butyl methyl dimethoxy silane.

The term “CMDS” refers to cyclohexymethyldimethoxysilane.

The term “TEAL” refers to triethyl aluminum.

The catalyst used in the examples herein is a commercially availableZiegler-Natta catalyst THC A-021 available from TOHO Titanium.

Unless otherwise designated herein, all testing methods are the currentmethods at the time of filing.

The xylene solubles level is generally a measure of the degree ofstereoselectivity of the polymer and is measured by dissolving thepolymer in hot xylene, cooling the solution and precipitating out thecrystalline material. The xylene solubles level is the wt. % of thepolymer that was soluble in the cold xylene.

In all runs, 10 mg of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst was contacted withexternal donor to form Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems. Such catalystsystems were then contacted with propylene monomer in the presence of 1mmol TEAL co-catalyst to form polypropylene (r×n. temperature 77° C.,r×n. time 1 hr., in-situ polymerization, about 0.05 mol % H₂), which wasthen analyzed. The results of such polymerizations are shown in Table 1below.

TABLE 1 Mixture Al:Si Xylene Melt External Molar Molar Activity SolublesFlow Run Donor Ratio Ratio (g/g/hr) (wt. %) (g/10 min) Mn Mw Mz Mw/Mn 1BMDS N/A 5 19,000 2.5 3.2 80,300 446,000 2,370,000 5.6 2 BMDS N/A 1020,900 3.0 — — — — — 3 BMDS N/A 20 25,200 3.4 2.4 65,300 474,0002,370,000 7.3 4 BMDS/CMDS 75:25 10 30,400 1.9 — — — — — 5 BMDS/CMDS75:25 15 37,000 3.8 4.9 61,400 454,000 2,280,000 7.4 6 BMDS/CMDS 75:2520 40,000 4.7 — — — — — 7 BMDS/CMDS 75:25 25 39,000 4.9 — — — — — 8BMDS/CMDS 50:50 10 33,000 2.3 — — — — — 9 BMDS/CMDS 50:50 15 37,200 3.1— — — — — 10 BMDS/CMDS 50:50 25 40,000 4.1 2.9 69,300 4446,000 1,730,000 6.4 11 BMDS/CMDS 50:50 30 39,000 5.3 — — — — — 12 BMDS/CMDS25:75 10 34,200 1.9 — — — — — 13 BMDS/CMDS 25:75 20 37,000 4.0 1.968,700 431,000 1,700,000 6.3 14 BMDS/CMDS 25:75 30 34,500 5.1 — — — — —15 BMDS/CMDS 25:75 40 39,600 5.5 — — — — — 16 CMDS N/A 40 43,000 3.3 2.954,200 414,000 1,800,000 7.6 *melt flow was measured by ASTM D1238-95,molecular weights measured by GPC

It was observed that the activity significantly increased for catalystsystems prepared with mixtures of external donors over BUS catalystsystems, while the mixed donor catalyst systems achieved activities nearthat of CMDS systems (e.g., within about 10%). It was further observedthat the activity increased with an increase in Al:Si ratio.

It was further observed that the xylene solubles level also increasedwith an increase in the Al:Si ratio. However, the mixture resulted in alower desirable xylene solubles level at the same Al:Si molar ratio thanthe BMDS system, thereby allowing for less donor to be used (costsavings).

Further, the mixed donor catalyst systems resulted in slightly narrowermolecular weight distributions than that of the CMDS donor catalystsystem.

It is further anticipated that polymers having reduced stereoregularitywill provide increased BOPP film processability (e.g., faster linespeeds) due to the lower stretching force required. Table 2 belowillustrates microtacticity (of the xylene insoluble portion) results ofthe polymerization runs.

TABLE 2 Run # 16 1 5 10 13 mmmm 94.2 92.5 93.1 92.7 93.2 mmmr 1.9 2.42.0 2.3 2.1 rmmr 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 mmrr 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 mmrm +rmrr 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 mrmr 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 rrrr 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.40.4 rrrm 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 mrrm 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9

It was observed that while the sample prepared with BMDS had the lowestmeso pentad, the samples prepared with mixed donor systems exhibitedlower stereoregularity than the CMDS prepared system.

The polymers were further analyzed for film properties. The polymerswere cast into 16 mil sheets. The 16 mil sheets were then stretchedbiaxially at 135° C., 140° C. and 150° C. to a 6×6 areal draw ratio on aBruckner lab stretcher. The machine and transverse direction speeds wereeach 30 m/min. The preheating time was set at 30 seconds. The resultsare shown in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3 1% MD TD Secant Yield/break Gloss Haze Shrinkage Shrinkage WVTRModulus strength Elongation at Run (45°) (%) (125° C.) (125° C.) (g/100in²/day) (kpsi) (kpsi) yield/break (%) 3 92 0.6 12.2 12.5 0.74 305 23.950.7 10 88.2 0.9 13.5 13.5 0.71 325 30.5 65.5 13 91.5 0.8 12.0 13.5 0.64319 30.2 66.4 16 93.3 0.4 13.5 13.5 0.77 331 29.2 72.8

It was observed that at lower stretch temperatures (below 145° C.), theBOPP films appeared comparable. However, at higher stretch temperatures(e.g., 150° C. or above), the BUMS based BOPP appeared improved insurface gloss and haze. See, FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention,other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised withoutdeparting from the basic scope thereof and the scope thereof isdetermined by the claims that follow.

1-14. (canceled)
 15. Polypropylene formed by a process comprising:providing a Ziegler-Natta catalyst component represented by the generalformula MR¹ _(x) wherein M is a transition metal; each R¹ isindependently selected from halogens, alkoxys and hydrocarboxyl groupsand x is the valence of the transition metal; contacting theZiegler-Natta catalyst component with a co-catalyst component comprisingan organoaluminum compound and an external donor system to form acatalyst systems wherein the external donor system comprises: a firstexternal donor, wherein the first external donor comprisescyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane (CMDS); and a second external donor,wherein the first external donor comprises butylimethyldimethoxysilane(BMDS); and contacting propylene with the catalyst system within areaction zone to form the polypropylene
 7. 16. A biaxially oriented filmformed by the polypropylene of claim
 15. 17. An external electron donorsystem comprising: a first external donor represented by the generalformula SiR¹ _(m)(OR²)_(4-m), wherein each R¹ is independently selectedfrom alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls and vinyls, each R² is independentlyselected from alkyls, m is from 0 to 4 and at least one R¹ is acycloalkyl; and a second external donor represented by the generalformula SiR³ _(m)(OR⁴)_(4-m), wherein each R³ is independently selectedfrom alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls and vinyls, each R⁴ is independentlyselected from alkyls, m is from 0 to 4 and at least one R³ is a C₃ orgreater alkyl, wherein the first external donor and the second externaldonor are capable of forming a polyolefin exhibiting a microtacticity ofless than about 95% upon contact with a Zeigler-Natta catalyst componentand an olefin monomer in a polymerization process exhibiting a catalystactivity of greater than about 15,000 g/g/hr.
 18. The external donorsystem of claim 17, wherein the first external donor comprisescyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane (CMDS).
 19. The external donor system ofclaim 17, wherein the second external donor comprisesn-butylmethylidimethoxysilane (BMDS).
 20. The external donor system ofclaim 17, wherein the external donor system comprises from about 25 mol.% to about 80 mol. % second external donor.